Multivalent Affinity Profiling: Direct Visualization of the Superselective Binding of Influenza Viruses

The influenza A virus (IAV) interacts with the glycocalyx of host cells through its surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Quantitative biophysical measurements these interactions may help to understand at molecular level long-term aim predict infectivity answer other biological questions. We developed a method, called multivalent affinity profiling (MAP), measure binding profiles on receptor density gradients determine threshold density, which is quantitative avidity toward receptor. Here, we show that imaging IAVs allows direct visualization efficient assessment their superselective binding. how can be quantitatively assessed using MAP if are prepared around without crowding higher densities. increases strongly increasing flow rate, showing IAV influenced by shear force. This method not only comparative studies IAV–receptor interactions, but also more fundamental superselectivity arises experimental conditions.